Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred emergency reperfusion strategy in most cases of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Coronary artery disease accounts for > 30% of death in West and presents acutely as acute coronary syndromes. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a catch all term that refers to ischemic symptoms resulting from acute coronary occlusion
Acute Coronary Syndromes Literature Summaries
Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) Literature Summaries
Open Chest Management and Delayed Sternal Closure
Open Chest Management (OCM) and Delayed Sternal Closure (DSC) is used following 1-4% of surgical procedures involving cardiotomy in adults, and more commonly in paediatrics
Tunnel vision DDx
Tunnel vision refers to peripheral constriction of the visual fields. Differential diagnosis.
Underwater Seal Chest Drainage System
A system that allows drainage of the pleural space using an airtight system to maintain subatmospheric intrapleural pressure; the underwater seal acts a one-way valve
Intercostal Catheter (Chest Drain)
Intercostal Catheter (Chest Drain) tube inserted into pleural space to allow drainage of contents
Central Venous Catheters
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) is a cannula placed in a central vein (e.g. subclavian, internal jugular or femoral)
Cardiac Output Measurement
Cardiac output; Adolf Eugen Fick (1829-1901) in 1870, was the first to measure cardiac output; assumes oxygen consumption is a function of rate of blood flow and rate of oxygen pick pick up by RBC’s.
Capnography and CO2 Detectors
Capnography and CO2 Detectors: help confirm endotracheal intubation; monitor ventilation during procedural sedation (e.g. via Hudson mask) without mechanical ventilation; monitoring during mechanical ventilation
Capnography Waveform Interpretation
Capnography waveform interpretation can be used for diagnosis and ventilator-trouble shooting. The CO2 waveform can be analyzed for 5 characteristics:–Height–Frequency–Rhythm–Baseline–Shape
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) Ventilation
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) apparatus are also known as manual resuscitators and as self-inflating resuscitation systems