
History of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): history, pioneers, modern use, efficacy, and controversy, one of psychiatry’s most enduring treatments.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): history, pioneers, modern use, efficacy, and controversy, one of psychiatry’s most enduring treatments.

Manfred J. Sakel (1900–1957), Austrian neuropsychiatrist, pioneered insulin coma therapy—an early somatic treatment for schizophrenia, now obsolete