
History of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): history, pioneers, modern use, efficacy, and controversy, one of psychiatry’s most enduring treatments.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): history, pioneers, modern use, efficacy, and controversy, one of psychiatry’s most enduring treatments.

Manfred J. Sakel (1900–1957), Austrian neuropsychiatrist, pioneered insulin coma therapy—an early somatic treatment for schizophrenia, now obsolete

Lucio Bini (1908–1964), co-inventor of electroconvulsive therapy, pioneered psychiatric innovation but faced marginalization in later years.

Ladislas J. Meduna (1896–1964), pioneer of convulsive therapy, explored epilepsy-schizophrenia antagonism, CO₂ therapy, and oneirophrenia in psychiatry.

Psychiatric illnesses remain among the most mysterious maladies that doctors encounter. This enthralling TED talk by inspiring medical historian and surgeon Sherwin Nuland gives a detailed account of one man's illness.