Ugo Cerletti
Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963), Italian neuropsychiatrist, pioneered ECT with Lucio Bini in 1938, reshaping psychiatric care and inspiring early biological psychiatry.
Tag Ugo Cerletti
Lucio Bini
Lucio Bini (1908–1964), co-inventor of electroconvulsive therapy, pioneered psychiatric innovation but faced marginalization in later years.
Ladislas Meduna
Ladislas J. Meduna (1896–1964), pioneer of convulsive therapy, explored epilepsy-schizophrenia antagonism, CO₂ therapy, and oneirophrenia in psychiatry.