Osmolar Gap
Osmolar Gap: Osmolar gap = Osmolality (measured) - Osmolarity (calculated): NOTE: is a pragmatic clinical aid - the units are different (osmolality =mOsm/kg and osmolarity = mOsm/L) so it doesn't make mathematical sense!
Month January 2019
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Total parental nutrition (TPN) is the complete provision of nutrition intravenously, bypassing the GI tract.
Vitamin D in Critical illness
OVERVIEW Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin with dermal synthesis being the major natural source Main clinically significant role is in maintaining calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism There is an increasing appreciation for its pleiotropic effects, including immunomodulatory and…
Thiamine Deficiency
OVERVIEW ACTIONS CAUSES CLINICAL FEATURES Dry Beri-Beri Wernicke encephalopathy Korsakoff encephalopathy Wet Beri-Beri INVESTIGATIONS MANAGEMENT Prevention and treatment of thiamine deficiency Prevention and treatment of thiamine deficiency in severe alcoholics Treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy Supportive care monitoring SHOULD THIAMINE BE…
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: hepatic dysfunction + microvesicular infiltration of hepatocytes; thought to be a variant of PET; fetal and maternal mortality = 20%
Acute Respiratory Failure and Obstetrics
Acute Respiratory Failure and Obstetrics
Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE)
Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE): diagnosis of exclusion; amniotic in maternal circulation not always pathognomonic; 1:25,000 live births
Burns and Pregnancy
Burns and Pregnancy: at risk of premature labour due to high levels of circulating prostaglandins; fluid replacement must cater for increased circulating volume
Cardiogenic Shock and Late Pregnancy
Cardiogenic Shock and Late Pregnancy: Two patients; High mortality; Planned delivery; Diagnose and treat cause
Cocaine Toxicity and Obstetrics
Cocaine Toxicity and Obstetrics:
Eclampsia
Eclampsia: life threatening situation for the mother and baby. 1:2000 pregnancies; most occur in 3rd trimester; 1/3 post-partum; usually with in 24hrs of delivery; vasogenic cerebral oedema from hypertensive encephalopathy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy = fertilized ovum which implants outside the lining of the uterus