Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is present when mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeds 25 mm Hg at rest or 30 mm Hg with exercise. Primary PHT is a relatively rare idiopathic condition; Secondary PHT is usually due to cardiac or respiratory cause
STEMI is a type of acute coronary syndrome that requires emergency reperfusion therapy. Definition and assessment of STEMI is described in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Narrow Complex Tachycardia: two main categories: 1. AV node independent; 2. AV node dependent
Myocarditis: inflammation of heart muscle -> lymphocytic and fibroblast infiltration + myocyte necrosis
Myocardial Stunning = temporary cardiac muscle dysfunction secondary to an insult (ischaemia, hypoxia, very high afterload); can be focal or global
Description of auscultatory findings of heart murmurs and valve disease and valvular lesions
Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome (LGL): Proposed pre-excitation syndrome. Accessory pathway composed of James fibres. Characteristic ECG findings of short PR interval (<120ms); normal P wave axis; normal/narrow QRS morphology in the presence of paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) produces prolonged ventricular repolarisation -> predisposes to malignant ventricular arrhythmias
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOTO) and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve
Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia: rare; congenital or post surgery for congenital heart disease; abnormal automaticity within the His bundle; high mortality rate (35%)
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs): implantable device defibrillator +/- pacemaker (counter shock vector is from RV -> both SVC)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common inherited cardiac disorders (affecting ~ 1 in 500 people) and is the number one cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Annual mortality is estimated at 1-2 %.