History of the Ophthalmoscope
From ancient “cat’s‑eye” reflections to AI‑assisted retinal imaging: the story of the ophthalmoscope from Helmholtz’s 1851 Augenspiegel to digital, confocal and smartphone‑based system
Tag Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermann von Helmholtz
Biographical Timeline Medical Eponyms Young–Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory of Colour Vision Helmholtz expanded on the earlier hypothesis of Thomas Young (1773–1829), who proposed that human colour vision relied on three types of retinal receptors. In the mid-1850s, Helmholtz refined this into…