Hypochloraemia
Hypochloraemia (<95) (Usually associated with sodium losses)
Category Electrolytes
Hypermagnesaemia
Hypermagnesaemia: Serum Mg above normal range of 1.3-2.2 mEq/L; Rare and usually iatrogenic; ↑Magnesium is closely associated with ↑K and ↓Ca
Hyperkalaemia DDx
Overview Hyperkalaemia is defined as serum potassium level > 5.5 mEq/L Hyperkalaemia is potentially life-threatening due to the risk of cardiac dysrhythmias Most patients begin to manifest significant ECG changes at serum levels > 6.5 mEq/L Causes Increased potassium intake…
Hypocalcaemia DDx
Causes of HYPOcalcaemia: Commonest causes: HYPOalbuminaemia and HYPERventilation
Cerebral Salt Wasting
Cerebral Salt Wasting: also now known as renal salt wasting; hyponatraemia not always required to make diagnosis, but often present; cerebral lesion + excess renal loss of Na+ and Cl-; cerebral lesions: SAH, TBI, tumour
Hypercalcaemia DDx
Hypercalcaemia: Nature: Bones, stones, groans and psychic moans. Usually associated with increased calcium release form bones and impaired renal removal and malignancy
Hypomagnesaemia
Hypomagnesaemia: Defined as serum magnesium < 0.75 mmol/L; associated with increased ICU mortality
common — affects 10-65% of ICU patients
Magnesium
Magnesium: intracellular cation; hypomagnesaemia = common electrolyte abnormality in ICU
Hyperchloraemia
Hyperchloraemia is usually associated with sodium and inversely to HCO3