Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 244

A false memory, shaped by social reinforcement or false news and misleading photographs.

The name of the theory comes from self-described ‘paranormal consultant’ Fiona Broome in reference to her belief and of many people, feeling certain they could remember Nelson Mandela dying while he was still in prison back in the ’80s. Her explanation was about alternative realities but most commentators believe in the social reinforcement theory. [Reference]

One of the most famous examples that comes to mind is the Darth Vader line “Luke, I am your father.” He actually says, “No, I am your father.” [For more examples click here]

The rule states: with SVT, in which visible P waves are situated midway between ventricular complexes, there is a probability that there is a P wave lurking within the QRS.

Therefore, it can be an atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter with a 2:1 AV conduction.

The rule is named in honour of Viennese cardiologist, Dr Harold Bix who worked in Baltimore.

• Nikolic G. The Bix rule. Heart Lung. 2008 Jul-Aug;37(4):321-2.
• Marriott HJL, Schwartz NL, Bix HH. Ventricular fusion feats. Circulation 1962;26;880-4.
• Marriott HJL. Chapter 4. The Bix rule. In: Pearls and pitfalls in electrocardiography. 1990: 8-9.

Because you are hypothermic. 

The Osborn wave or J wave is a positive deflection at the J point (negative in aVR and V1).

Typically seen in temps under 30 degrees Celcius but they can be a normal variant, due to medications, hypercalcaemia, neurological insults and idiopathic VF.

Eponymously named after John Jay Osborn (1917-2014) following his 1953 ‘current of injury‘ description in hypothermic dogs.

A goniometer is any device that measures angles.

A facial goniometer is specifically concerned with calculating the angle of the face from the jaw to the forehead. 

The instrument was introduced in the mid-19th century by anthropometrists. This particular example was made by Adolphe Collin, the well known surgical instrument maker from Paris. [Reference]

Malaria

Homer was fascinated by the stars and linked the appearance of Sirius, the dog star (in late summer and Autumn) with malarial fever and misery. [Reference]