Describe the ultrasound features that help differentiate the internal jugular vein and the carotid artery? List the complications of central line insertion.

Outline the key issues in the post-operative management of a super-obese (BMI 59) patient with type 2 diabetes following sleeve gastrectomy.

Outline the strengths and limitations of the current Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, using examples to illustrate your points.

Outline how the pathophysiological changes in septic shock affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of commonly used antimicrobials.

A 42-year-old male is admitted to ICU following a cadaveric orthotopic liver transplant for end-stage liver disease secondary to alcohol-induced cirrhosis.

With respect to thromboelastography and haemostasis:

You have been called to the Emergency Room to review a previously well adult male who has sustained a penetrating injury to the root of the neck.

You are called to review a 55-year-old female following difficult, prolonged surgery for clipping of a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. She returned to the ICU intubated, ventilated and with an external ventricular drain (EVD) in situ three hours earlier.

A 42-year-old male is admitted to your intensive care day 4 post induction chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML-M3). The patient was initially treated with idarubicin and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).

List four assessments of the RIGHT ventricle that can be made on transthoracic echocardiography; List four clinical signs of right heart failure

A 35-year-old female with no known previous medical history presents to the emergency department with a decreased conscious level.

Critically evaluate the role of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in critically ill patients.