Ileus
Ileus = absence of bowel motility; (1) dynamic ileus (2) spastic ileus (rare: porphyria or lead poisoning) (3) ischaemic ileus
Cyanosis
Cyanosis is a bluish hue that occurs in the presence of ~60 g/L deoxyhaemoglobin or dyshemoglobinaemia; the differentials include treatment with methylene blue and new clothes that leach blue ink...
Signs of Aortic Regurgitation
Signs of Aortic Regurgitation
Marfan Syndrome
Marfan Syndrome: connective tissue disorder; autosomal dominant
Heart Sound Abnormalities
S1 Loud MV or TV open long -> shuts forcefully MS increased HR short AV conduction Soft first degree HB LBBB MR Splitting RBBB S2 Loud HT AS PHT Soft AS AR Splitting increased normal splitting (wider on inspiration): RBBB,…
Necrotising fasciitis
Reviewed and revised 12 July 2015 OVERVIEW CLASSIFICATION From Misiakos et al, 2014: Classification of responsible pathogens according to type of infection. Fournier gangrene is typically polymicrobial infection with aerobes and anaerobes, such as coliforms, klebsiella, streptococci, staphylococci, clostridia, bacteroids, and corynbacteria CAUSTIVE…
Nocardia
OVERVIEW gram positive bacilli that form weakly acid-fast beaded branching filaments found worldwide in soil and some form part of healthy oral flora usually transmitted by inhalation or traumatic inoculation disease of the immunocompromised – esp T-cell mediated immunity (AIDS,…
Hyperthermia
OVERVIEW Definitions Hyperthermia is when core temperature exceeds that normally maintained by homeostatic mechanisms Fever or pyrexia is an elevation of body temperature above the normal range of 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F) due to an increase in the temperature regulatory set point Uncontrolled hyperthermia differs…
Corticosteroids Overview
Corticosteroids: two types: glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
both cholesterol based
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: rare; small proportion of chronic ethanol abusers; relatively benign if patients given IV dextrose and fluids; unclear aetiology
Adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency: primary, secondary and tertiary + acute/chronic