Twelfth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Summary of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) anatomy, function, clinical signs and causes of twelfth cranial nerve lesions, including central and peripheral pathology.
Tag pseudobulbar palsy
Tenth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of vagus nerve anatomy, innervation, clinical examination, and common causes of tenth cranial nerve lesions including central and peripheral pathologies.
Ninth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) anatomy, function, clinical assessment, and causes of lesions, including central and peripheral pathology.
Pseudobulbar and bulbar palsies
You have an emotionally labile patient in the department who sounds like 'Donald duck'. Before rounding up some students to 'pimp' you decide to test yourself on bulbar and pseudobulbar palsies so that you don't get caught out...
Bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy
A bulbar palsy is a lower motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII. A pseudobulbar palsy is an upper motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII.