Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) occurs when organised or semi-organised electrical activity of the heart persists but the product of systemic vascular resistance and the increase in systemic arterial flow generated by the ejection of the left ventricular stroke volume is not sufficient to produce a clinically detectable pulse
Resuscitation Literature Summaries
Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion: Lecture by Jim Manning on Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion given to GSA HEMS
Leg ulcers may result from venous stasis, ischemia, malignancy, infection, neuropathy, trauma or underlying systemic disease.
Data can be described by different distributions, which has implications for how the data is analysed using statistical methods
Fisher's Exact Test is to compare categorical data; more complicated to perform than the Chi square test; only generally applicable in 2 x 2 contingency table
Time-to-event curves analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression are useful for analysing events occurring over time; uses all available information, including patients who fail to follow up or reach the endpoint (censored data)
Outcome measures are important for research and quality control; clinically meaningful outcomes measure how patients feel, function or survive, e.g. mortality, quality of life
Intention to treat (ITT) analysis means all patients who were enrolled and randomly allocated to treatment are included in the analysis and are analysed in the groups to which they were randomized
Measures if variability describe the average dispersion of data around a mean; most common = range, standard deviation and the standard error of the mean
Meta-analysis is a tool for quantitative systematic review of observational studies and controlled trials that weights available evidence based on the numbers of patients included, the effect size, and often statistical tests of agreement with other trials
Phases of clinical research are the steps taken to gather evidence to determine whether a novel intervention or treatment is safe and effective for clinical use