References

• Andy Neill. AFEM 001 | The Cervical Spine. Original article and links
• Andy Neill. Anatomy for EM – The Cervical Spine

References

• Andy Neill. AFEM 002 | C-Spine: The Vertebral Artery. Original article and links
• Debette S, Leys D. Cervical-artery dissections: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Lancet Neurol. 2009 Jul;8(7):668-78

References

• Andy Neill. AFEM 006.1 | Spinal Cord Injury I. Original article and links
• ASIA Impairment Scale [PDF]
• Historical Anatomies. National Library of Medicine

References

• Andy Neill. AFEM 006.2 | Spinal Cord Injury II. Original article and links

Update: central cord syndrome normally presents with motor weakness distally (in the hands) rather than proximally in the case in the video. Mnemonic for remembering it MUD: Motor/Upper/Distal

• motor>sensory
• upper>lower
• distal> proximal

Based on the pure anatomy – with the corticospinal tracts arranged somatotopically with the highest spinal segments most medial – one would expect proximal weakness (C5,6 etc..) more than distal (C7-8, T1 etc…). But since when does the textbook play ball with reality! Maybe it’s just representative of the level of lesion in cervical cord (ie a lower lesion when the upper segments have already exited the cord) but it has me beat. Let me know if you have a better answer

Either way the more important thing is that central cord syndrome more usually presents with distal not proximal upper limb weakness.

References

• Andy Neill. AFEM 006.3 | Spinal Cord Injury III. Original article and links
• Bhatia R et al. Craniocervical stab injury: the importance of neurovascular and ligamentous imaging. Emerg Radiol. 2012; 19(1): 83–85.
• Eponymictionary: Horner Syndrome with Johann Friedrich Horner (1831 – 1886)
• LITFL Clinical Case – Ophthalmology Befuddler 025
• CCC – Horner syndrome
• Eponymictionary: Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard (1817 – 1894)