Urine Colour
Normally, urine is some shade of yellow with acid urine usually a darker colour than alkaline urine. Pathologically, it may be any colour.
Exercise-associated Hyponatremia HYPOnatremia Interpretation Seizures, hyponatremia and ADH Cause of HYPOnatraemia Definition: Serum sodium <130mEq/l Cause: Excess of Water relative to Sodium Affects: 1% of hospital population Hypovolemic (Na deficit in xs of water deficit) (test urine sodium) RENAL (urinary…
CAUSES pre-existing liver disease (+/- exacerbation) drug induced (paracetamol, statins, amiodarone, antibiotics, NSAIDs, beta-blockers, ranitidine, volatiles) ischaemic (post clamping above hepatic artery, thrombosis, embolic, hypotension) surgical injury nutrition (TPN, EN) acalculous cholecystitis transfusion related hepatitis ASSESSMENT History pre-operative liver function…