Smoke is a complicated heterogeneous mixture of potentially toxic gases, chemical fumes, asphyxiants and particulate debris. Smoke inhalation is commonly seen in patients with burns as a result of fire; it is associated with high morbidity and mortality
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by loss of the effect of antidiuretic hormone on the collecting ducts of the kidneys, resulting in loss of free water.
A 'volume-targeted' approach to the management of TBI developed by a Swedish group (not ABBA), based on physiological volume regulation of the intracranial compartments. The Lund concept contradicts the prevailing strategem of titrating CPP to match ICP in TBI
Temperature and TBI. Induced hypothermia has been used for years to reduced cerebral metabolic rate; manipulation of temperature has been shown to effect certain types of brain injury (therapeutic hypothermia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest).
polyuria following TBI is common; multiple causes, some of which imply a poor prognosis. Goal is to identify and treat the cause and any complications
Brain impact apneoa is an under-appreciated cause of morbidity and mortality in traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism following overnight incubation, usually reported as mg/L
Limitations of CT head scan in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Little published data to guide dosing of antibiotics in RRT and the critically ill. therefore we must use first principles and utilize therapeutic drug monitoring if available.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) in Traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) = MAP – ICP or CVP (whichever is highest)
Goals: resuscitation severity and stability of disease assessment of possible differentials including cardiac disease, influenzae, pertussis stabilisation and possible transfer to neonatal/SCBU if required
Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid (WHO 2002 definition)
drowning can be due to — submersion (the airway goes below the level of the surface of the liquid) or — immersion (a liquid is splashed across a person’s face, e.g water-boarding)