Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was a French neurologist and anatomopathologist.
Biography
- Born November 19, 1825
- Died August 16, 1893
Medical Eponyms
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (1886)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (spinal form of muscular atrophy) is the commonest disease within a group of conditions called Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies (HMSN).
Jean Martin Charcot and his pupil Pierre Marie carefully studied the multitude of infirm and paralytic inmates at the Salpêtrière, an asylum in Paris in 1886.
Charcot disease (maladie de Charcot) (1868)
Charcot foot
Charcot’s triad II (1877) – jaundice; fever; and right upper quadrant abdominal pain – associated with cholangitis. The addition of hypotension and mental status changes is known as Reynolds pentad
Charcot Triad (1879) – nystagmus, intention tremor and staccato speech, often associated with, but not pathognomonic for multiple sclerosis.
Original
English
Fig 9. Autopsie. Cerveau: Après l’ablation de la pie-mère, on trouve à la base du cerveau des plaques scléreuses disséminées offrant la disposition suivante; 1° Une plaque sur te nerf olfactif gauche; 2° une plaque sur chacun des deux nerfs optiques au voisinage du globe oculaire; 3° une plaque sur la bandelette optique droite; 4° une sur le pédoncule cérébral gauche; 5° on compte 7 plaques à la surface de la protubérance; 6° il y a enfin une plaque sur chaque olive, une sur chacune des pyramides antérieures.
Fig 10. Coupe à la region cervicale supérieure
Fig 11. Coupe au niveau du renflement cervical
Fig 12. Coupe à la région cervicale inférieure
Fig 13. Coupe à la région dorsale
Fig 14. Coupe à la région lombaire supérieure
Charcot JM. Diagnostic des formes frustes de la sclérose en plaque 1879
Fig 9. Autopsy. Brain: After removal of the pia mater, there are scattered sclerotic plaques at the base of the brain with the following arrangement; 1° A plaque on the left olfactory nerve; 2° a plaque on each of the two optic nerves in the vicinity of the eyeball; 3° a plate on the right optical strip; 4° one on the left cerebral peduncle; 5° there are 7 plaques on the surface of the protuberance; 6° there is finally a plaque on each olive, one on each of the previous pyramids.
Fig 10. Section through the upper cervical region
Fig 11. Section at the level of the cervical bulge
Fig 12. Section through the lower cervical region
Fig 13. Section through the dorsal region
Fig 14. Section through the upper lumbar region
Charcot JM. Diagnostic des formes frustes de la sclérose en plaque 1879
Erb-Charcot syndrome
Major Publications
- Charcot JM. Sur quelques arthropathies qui paraissent dépendre d’une lésion du cerveau ou de la moelle épinière. Archives de physiologie normale et pathologique. 1868; 1: 161-178 and 379-400 [Charcot disease]
- Charcot JM. Conferences cliniques de Salpetriere: Vertiges ab aure laesa (maladie de Menière). Gazette des Hospiteaux Civils et Militaires 1874; 47: 73-74 [Menière’s disease]
- Charcot JM. Le vertige laryngé. Gazette médicale de Paris. 1876: 588 [Cough syncope]
- Charcot JM. Diagnostic des formes frustes de la sclérose en plaque. Le Progrés médical, 1879; 7: 97-99. [Charcot Triad I]
- Charcot JM, Marie P. Sur une forme particulière d’atrophie musculaire progressive souvent familiale débutant par les pieds et les jambes et atteignant plus tard les mains. La Revue de médecine 1886; 6: 96-138 [English translation: Concerning a special form of progressive muscular atrophy: often familial starting in the feet and legs and later reaching the hands. Arch Neurol. 1967; 17(5):553-557] [Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]
References
Biography
- Tan SY, Shigaki D. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893): pathologist who shaped modern neurology. Singapore Med J. 2007 May;48(5):383-4
- Silvester A. Jean Martin Charcot (1825-93) and John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911): neurology in France and England in the 19th century. J Med Biogr. 2009 Nov;17(4):210-3.
- Kumar DR, Aslinia F, Yale SH, Mazza JJ. Jean-Martin Charcot: the father of neurology. Clin Med Res. 2011 Mar;9(1):46-9.
- Teive HAG, Marques P, Germiniani FMB, Walusinski O. Requiem for a neurologist: the funeral rites of Jean-Martin Charcot. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2017;75(11):827-829
- Bibliography. Charcot, J. M. (Jean Martin) 1825-1893. WorldCat Identities
Eponymous terms
- Brody IA, Wilkins RH. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Arch Neurol. 1967;17(5):552-557.
eponym
the person behind the name
Associate Professor Curtin Medical School, Curtin University. Emergency physician MA (Oxon) MBChB (Edin) FACEM FFSEM Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. Passion for rugby; medical history; medical education; and asynchronous learning #FOAMed evangelist. Co-founder and CTO of Life in the Fast lane | Eponyms | Books | Twitter |