Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome is fluid overload and iso-osmolar hyponatraemia during TURP from large volumes of irrigation fluid being absorbed through venous sinuses

Meningitis Subarachnoid haemorrhage Posterior fossa syndrome Cervical spondylitis Tetanus Neck abscess Torticollis

Granuloma = spherical mass of immune cells that attempts to wall off a substance; organized collection of macrophages

Africa – Sickle cell, HIV, Malaria, Dengue, Variegated Porphyria (afrikaners) Anywhere in the third world – TB Asia – SARS, TB, Melioidosis Australia (Northern Territory) – Melioidosis, Dengue Developing world – Cholera, Dengue India – Malaria, Dengue Nepal – Leptospirosis,…

Aortic stenosis and regurgitation Severe AR HCM Intra-aortic balloon pump