Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome: cessation of airflow from nose/mouth for >10s
resulting in intermittent respiratory arrests with hypoxaemia; interruption of REM sleep; >5 episodes/h
Category CCC
The LITFL Critical Care Compendium is a comprehensive collection of pages concisely covering the core topics and controversies of critical care.
Extubation Assessment in the ED
The general principles are the same as for extubation of ICU patients. However, the criteria for extubation in the ED are generally more stringent as most ED staff are less experienced and less familiar with the process
Swallowing
Normal swallowing requires: timing and coordination of many muscles and several cranial nerves which are under voluntary and involuntary nervous control.
Difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation
Difficulty weaning is an important ICU challenge. 20% to 30% of patients are difficult to wean from invasive mechanical ventilation
Non-Invasive Ventilation for Weaning
Non-invasive ventilation can be used as adjunct for weaning patients from mechanical ventilation
Extubation Assessment in the ICU
The criteria used to assess a patient to determine whether they are ready for extubation is complex and multi-factorial.
Extubation Assessment: Hot Case
Extubation Assessment: Hot Case. List reasons -> present clinical signs that prove reasons
Cuff Leak Test
The cuff leak test is used to predict risk of post-extubation stridor in intubated patients. Use and interpretation of the test needs to take into account the overall context of the patient's condition and the management implications
ICU Mind Maps
The ICU Mind Maps covering the CICM Fellowship Exam curriculum are in pdf format. They were created by Dr. Paul Young
Post-extubation stridor
Post-extubation stridor is the presence inspiratory noise post-extubation indicated narrowing of the airway (can be supraglottic, but usually glottic and infraglottic)
Laryngospasm
Laryngospasm is potentially life-threatening closure of the true vocal chords resulting in partial or complete airway obstruction unresponsive to airway positioning maneuvers.
Indices that predict difficulty weaning
Numerous objective indices have been studied to predict failure of ventilator liberation or weaning. None of these indexes alone are sufficiently sensitive and specific to be useful in predicting the success of ventilation discontinuation in an individual patient.