A-a gradient
A-a gradient is calculated as PAO2 – PaO2. A normal A–a gradient for a young adult non-smoker breathing air, is between 5–10 mmHg.
Category Ventilation
Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation
INDICATIONS A – protection and patencyB – respiratory failure (hypercapnic or hypoxic), increase FRC, decrease WOB, secretion management/ pulmonary toilet, to facilitate bronchoscopyC – minimise oxygen consumption and optimize oxygen delivery (e.g. sepsis)D – unresponsive to pain, terminate seizure, prevent…
Mechanical Ventilation Overview
Basics of mechanical ventilation by Todd Fraser
Modes of Ventilation
Modes of Ventilation. Classification based on the following: Initiation; Cycle; Limit; and Pressure Regulated Volume Control
Neuromuscular Blockade in ARDS
The use of neuromuscular blockade in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is controversial. Renewed interest since the French ACURASYS trial in 2010
Prone Position and Mechanical Ventilation
Reviewed and revised 19 May 2014 OVERVIEW Prone positioning can be used in mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxic respiratory failure to optimise oxygenation Refer to Prone Positioning for Hypoxic Respiratory Failure on INTENSIVE for the Alfred ICU guideline, cognitive…
Ventilator Associated Lung Injury
Mechanical ventilation with application of pressure to the lung, whether positive or negative, can cause damage known as ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI)
Lung Recruitment Manoeuvres in ARDS
Recruitment manoeuvres are transient increases in transpulmonary pressure designed to open up collapsed airless alveoli. Primarily used in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Bronchial blocker
bronchial blocker is a device that can isolate part of the bronchial tree at the lobar level
Setting Up a Ventilator
Setting Up a Ventilator
Pressure vs Volume Loop
Pressure vs Volume Loop: graphical representation of relationship between pressure and volume during inspiration and expiration. Spontaneous breaths go clockwise and positive pressure go counter clockwise
Dynamic Pressure-Volume Loops
Dynamic Pressure-Volume Loops: used to estimate work of breathing in terms of expiratory and inspiratory components.