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Category Ventilation
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Delirium in ICU

Peer reviewed by Maurice Le Guen OVERVIEW SIGNIFICANCE In adult ICU patients: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RISK-FACTORS Baseline In ICU ASSESSMENT Clinical presentation Assessment approach Delirium monitoring Tools MANAGEMENT Early recognition Non-pharmacologic treatment Pharmacologic treatment EVIDENCE Treatment Page VJ, et al.  2013 Devlin JW,…

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Interruptions of Sedation

Daily Interruptions of Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients designed to reduce exposure to sedative agents; allow assessment of neurological status; assess readiness for extubation; and reduce duration of mechanical ventilation
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

High airway and alveolar pressures

High airway pressures are important because they may have adverse effects on the patient; indicate a deterioration of the patient’s condition; indicate an equipment problem that needs to be addressed
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS

OVERVIEW DEFINITION The Berlin Definition (2013) SEVERITY  ARDS Severity   PaO2/FiO2*   Mortality**  Mild 200 – 300 27% Moderate 100 – 200 32% Severe < 100 45% *on PEEP 5+; **observed in cohort RISK FACTORS Direct Indirect PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Classical phases Complex interplay:…

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Protective Lung Ventilation

Protective lung ventilation is the current standard of care for mechanical ventilation. It is synonymous with low tidal volume ventilation (4-8 mL/kg) and often includes permissive hypercapnia
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Definitions

definitions of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have varied over time. ARDS was first described by Ashbaugh and Petty in 1967 in a case series of 12 ICU patients who shared the common features of unusually persistent tachypnea and hypoxemia accompanied by opacification on chest radiographs and poor lung compliance, despite different underlying causes
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is inverse ratio, pressure controlled, intermittent mandatory ventilation with unrestricted spontaneous breathing based on the Open Lung Approach To Ventilation first described by Stock et al 1987
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Pressure versus Time Graph

OVERVIEW Pressure versus Time Graph. Information obtained COMMON ABNORMALITIES Normal High Raw High Flow Inadequate inspiratory flow Decreased Lung Compliance Auto PEEP Dynamic Hyperinflation Cardiac oscillations Circuit leaks References and Links

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Volume versus Time Graph

Volume vs time graph: shape determined by flow pattern used in ventilation mode:-> ascending ramp: square wave; -> sinusoidal ramp: sine wave; -> exponential rise: decelerating flow pattern
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Flow Volume Loops

Flow Volume Loops. provide a graphical analysis of inspiratory and expiratory flow from various inspired lung volumes. Breathing across a pneumotachograph subjects inhale to TLC -> FEC manoeuvre -> rapidly inhale back to TLC.