Volutrauma
Volutrauma = complication from mechanical ventilation that may manifest as: extra-alveolar air and/or acute ventilator induced lung injury.
Category Ventilation
High Frequency Ventilation
High Frequency Ventilation ventilation with small tidal volumes at high frequencies
Adjunctive Respiratory Therapies
OVERVIEW Goal = to help clear secretions SUMMARY Mucociliary Clearance Optimization physiotherapy: percussion, postural drainage, chest vibration suctioning: PO, NP, ETT continuous rotational therapy: special beds that change patient position (lower rates of pneumonia and atelectasis but doesn’t translate into…
Sedation in ICU
Sedation is the depression of a patient's awareness to the environment and reduction of his or her responsiveness to external stimulation
Intrinsic PEEP
Intrinsic PEEP is also known as autoPEEP or PEEPi. Intrinsic PEEP occurs when the expiratory time is shorter than the time needed to fully deflate the lungs, preventing the lung and chest wall from reaching an elastic equilibrium point
Pulmonary mechanics
Determining compliance and resistance within a respiratory system is important during the management of mechanical ventilation.
Oxygen-Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve
sigmoid shape of the oxy-Hb dissociation curve results from the allosteric interactions of the globin monomers that make up the haemoglobin tetramer as each one binds O2. Multiple factors can affect the affinity of Hb for oxygen, thus causing the curve to shift to the left (increased oxygen affinity) or to the right (decreased O2 affinity)
ARDS Literature Summaries
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Literature Summaries
Flow versus Time Graph
Flow versus Time Graph: constant flow = volume control; decelerating flow = any mode
High Frequency Oscillation Ventilation
High Frequency Oscillation Ventilation (HFOV) is an unconventional form of mechanical ventilation that maintains lung recruitment, avoids overdistention, and does not rely on bulk flow for oxygenation and ventilation
Auto Triggering of the Ventilator
OVERVIEW Auto-triggering of the ventilator is inappropriate triggering of ventilation when the patient is not attempting to initiate a breath a type of ventilator-patient dyssynchrony inspiratory triggers have been made more and more sensitive -> minimised extra-work CAUSES Flow distortions…
Driving pressure
Driving pressure has been suggested by Amato and colleagues to be the key variable for optimisation when performing mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)