Gas-forming infections
- emphysematous cystitis or pyelonephritis – usually E. coli or Klebsiella
- emphysematous cholecystitis – 1/3 Clostridium perfringens, the rest are mostly E. coli or Klebsiella
- gas gangrene/ myonecrosis – Clostridium perfringens; C. septicum is associated with colon cancer (as is C. bovis)
- Vibrio vulnificans – salt water, bullous lesions, liver disease
- pneumocystis intestinalis = gas in the intestinal wall, seen in ischemic gut, COPD, necrotizing enterocolitis; associated with steroids and chemotherapy.
- Chilaiditi’s sign – a loop of colon overlying the liver mimicking free air under the right diaphragm (can be distinguished by the presence of haustra)
- necrotizing fasciitis – I = polymicrobial, II = S. pyogenes – gas results from necrosis
- Aeromonas hydrophila – associated with crocodile/ alligator bites and fish; bullous lesions, liver disease – mimics Vibro vulniicans
- Clostridium sordelei – normal flora of female genital tract; associated with abortions
Critical Care
Compendium
Chris is an Intensivist and ECMO specialist at the Alfred ICU in Melbourne. He is also a Clinical Adjunct Associate Professor at Monash University. He is a co-founder of the Australia and New Zealand Clinician Educator Network (ANZCEN) and is the Lead for the ANZCEN Clinician Educator Incubator programme. He is on the Board of Directors for the Intensive Care Foundation and is a First Part Examiner for the College of Intensive Care Medicine. He is an internationally recognised Clinician Educator with a passion for helping clinicians learn and for improving the clinical performance of individuals and collectives.
After finishing his medical degree at the University of Auckland, he continued post-graduate training in New Zealand as well as Australia’s Northern Territory, Perth and Melbourne. He has completed fellowship training in both intensive care medicine and emergency medicine, as well as post-graduate training in biochemistry, clinical toxicology, clinical epidemiology, and health professional education.
He is actively involved in in using translational simulation to improve patient care and the design of processes and systems at Alfred Health. He coordinates the Alfred ICU’s education and simulation programmes and runs the unit’s education website, INTENSIVE. He created the ‘Critically Ill Airway’ course and teaches on numerous courses around the world. He is one of the founders of the FOAM movement (Free Open-Access Medical education) and is co-creator of litfl.com, the RAGE podcast, the Resuscitology course, and the SMACC conference.
His one great achievement is being the father of three amazing children.
On Twitter, he is @precordialthump.
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