
Achille Mario Dogliotti
Achille Mario Dogliotti (1897-1966), Italian surgeon. Pioneer of epidural anaesthesia (Dogliotti’s principle), pain therapy, cardiac surgery, and total extracorporeal blood circulation

Achille Mario Dogliotti (1897-1966), Italian surgeon. Pioneer of epidural anaesthesia (Dogliotti’s principle), pain therapy, cardiac surgery, and total extracorporeal blood circulation

Robert Andrew Hingson (1913-1996), American anesthesiologist, pioneer of continuous epidural analgesia; Hingson Peace Gun; humanitarian mass vaccination programs.

Tuohy needle: directional neuraxial needle enabling continuous spinal and epidural catheter techniques, based on the original Huber-point design.

Edward Boyce Tuohy (1908 – 1959) American anaesthesiologist. Best known for contribution to continuous epidural anaesthesia; Tuohy needle

Rolland John Whitacre (1909–1956), American anesthesiologist and inventor of the pencil-point spinal needle that reduced post-dural puncture headache.

Robert Frank Hustead (1928-2008), American anaesthesiologist; refined epidural needle design, helped establish obstetric and ophthalmic anaesthesia subspecialties

Oral Bascom Crawford Jr (1921–2008), American anesthesiologist. Early advocate of thoracic epidural anesthesia, inventor of the Crawford needle, and prilocaine investigator.

Fidel Pagés (1886–1923): Spanish military surgeon who described “anestesia metamérica” (1921), an early, practical lumbar epidural technique.

August Karl Gustav Bier (1861-1949) German Surgeon. Used Esmarch tourniquet forming the basis of his eponymous Bier block regional anaesthesia

Epidural Complications: Catheter related; or drug related

Rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity, especially in the elderly and especially if multiple fractures are present. Apart from being humane, optimal analgesia may help prevent respiratory deterioration