James Marion Sims
American gynecologist James Marion Sims (1813-1883) pioneered vesicovaginal fistula surgery but remains controversial for non-consensual experiments on enslaved women.
Tag self-experimentation
William Halsted
William Halsted (1852–1922), pioneering American surgeon, revolutionized surgery with aseptic technique, anesthesia, gloves, and the residency training model.
Charles Bertrand
Charles AHA Bertrand (1777-1849) was a French physician; Least recognised for his self-experimentation with charcoal as an antidote for ingested poisonings.