The Monro-Kellie doctrine or hypothesis states that the sum of volumes of brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intracerebral blood is constant. An increase in one should cause a reciprocal decrease in either one or both of the remaining two.
Ataxia is impaired coordination in the absence of weakness. Acute ataxia is a neurological emergency, and vascular lesions of the cerebellum (infarction, hemorrhage) must be considered/ excluded.
When a 'septic' patient fails to improve despite initial therapy, it is important to 'stop and think' and systematically consider the multiple possible reasons why 'the antibiotic is not working'
Mitochondria are the intracellular organelles that produce the bulk of the body’s energy currency (ATP). they are derived from endosymbiotic prokaryotes around the time of the origin of eukaryotic cells
In an adult, large bowel obstruction is cancer until proven otherwise. Key radiological features are dilated bowel loops that are peripheral, contain haustra and contain faeces.
Differential diagnosis of dysphagia - difficulty swallowing.
Differential diagnosis of the scrotal mass. See also scrotal pain and inguinal mass (in abdominal mass)
Causes of a kidney mass, or an enlarged kidney; unilateral or bilateral
Determining compliance and resistance within a respiratory system is important during the management of mechanical ventilation.
sigmoid shape of the oxy-Hb dissociation curve results from the allosteric interactions of the globin monomers that make up the haemoglobin tetramer as each one binds O2. Multiple factors can affect the affinity of Hb for oxygen, thus causing the curve to shift to the left (increased oxygen affinity) or to the right (decreased O2 affinity)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Literature Summaries
Flow versus Time Graph: constant flow = volume control; decelerating flow = any mode