nutrition
CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Gastric Residual Volume

Gastric residual volume is the amount aspirated from the stomach following administration of enteral feed. An aspirated amount of ≤ 500ml 6 hourly is safe and indicates that the GIT is functioning

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Cachexia

Cachexia refers to weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting due to illness where the body does not reduce catabolism (unlike the adaptive reduction in protein metabolism that occurs in starvation). Mechanisms not clearly understood

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Enteral Nutrition vs Parenteral Nutrition

Enteral Nutrition vs Parenteral Nutrition: controversial issue; at present best recommendations are to optimize oral/enteral nutrition, avoid forced starvation if at all possible, and judiciously use supplemental parenteral nutrition.

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Folate Deficiency

Folate Deficiency: 500-20,000 mcg stored in body; required 50-100mcg/day; required for DNA, RNA and protein synthesis (purine, thymidine and amino acid synthesis)

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Glucose Control in the Critically Ill

Routine management in ICU involves avoiding complications of hyperglycaemia (infections) and hypoglycaemia (arrhythmias, neurological damage, cardiac events). Traditional goals have varied

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Immunonutrition

Immunonutrition involves feeding (enteral or TPN) enriched with various nutrients (arginine, glutamine, omega-3-fatty acids, nucleotides and anti-oxidants: copper, selenium, zinc, vitamins B, C and E) to improve immune responses and modulate inflammatory responses

CCC Critical Care compendium 340

Intolerance to Enteral Nutrition

OVERVIEW CAUSES Patient Mechanical Drugs ASSESSMENT History Examination Investigations MANAGEMENT General approach Approach to gastric residual volumes >500mL q6h References and Links LITFL Journal articles