Oxygen saturation targets in critical care
Oxygen saturation targets in critical illness. Both the extremes of hypoxaemia and hyperoxia have the potential to harm critically ill patients and worsen their outcomes
Category CCC
The LITFL Critical Care Compendium is a comprehensive collection of pages concisely covering the core topics and controversies of critical care.
Burns, Oxygenation and Ventilation
Burns can affect 4 anatomic areas of the respiratory tract:: Supraglottal; tracheobronchial;
pulmonary parenchymal; and chest/abdominal wall
Stress Induced Hyperglycaemia
Stress Induced Hyperglycaemia (SIH) is transient hyperglycaemia associated with acute illness
resolves with resolution of the underlying critical illness
Adenosine
Adenosine: short acting anti-arrhythmic; naturally occurring purine nucleoside. Epression of SA & AV nodal activity; antagonises cAMP-mediated catecholamine stimulation of ventricular muscle
History of Emergency Medicine
The history of emergency medicine in Australia and New Zealand has paralleled developments in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, although the models of emergency care exhibit some variation between systems, and between institutions within these systems
Surrogate outcomes
Surrogate outcomes are biomarkers intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint and expected to predict clinical benefit or harm based on epidemiologic, therapeutic, pathophysiologic, or other scientific evidence
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) = chronic bronchitis +/- emphysema; aka CORD (respiratory) or COAD (airways); environmental factors: tobacco smoke and air pollution
Lung Transplant
Can have one or both lungs transplanted depending on disease process. Single lung transplants only suitable for non-infective conditions that will not go on to damage new lung, with no cardiac disease
Negative Pressure Pulmonary Oedema
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (PE) that results from the generation of high negative intrathoracic pressure (NIP) needed to overcome upper airway obstruction
Oxidative Stress in Critical Illness
Oxidative stress is refers an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and the protection of antioxidants, due to the accumulation of free radicals and/or the inability of antioxidants to counter their accumulation or effects.
Intensive Care Outcomes
Appropriate outcome measures is vitally important in ICU research: e.g. ICU mortality; hospital mortality; 90 day mortality; 1 year functional outcome
Human Factors
Human failures rather than technical failures are the greatest threat to complex and potentially hazardous systems such as healthcare systems.