Bronchiolitis
Goals: resuscitation severity and stability of disease assessment of possible differentials including cardiac disease, influenzae, pertussis stabilisation and possible transfer to neonatal/SCBU if required
Category Respiratory
Patient-Ventilator Dyssynchrony
OVERVIEWPatient-Ventilator Dyssynchrony occurs when the patient’s demands are not met by the ventilator, resulting from problems with: VENTILATION STRATEGIES Total Ventilator-controlled Mechanical Support: Partial Patient-Controlled Mechanical Support: CAUSES Patient factors Ventilator factors TYPES OF VENTILATOR DYSSYNCHRONY Ineffective triggering Inappropriate triggering…
Honeycomb lung DDx
Honeycomb lung differential diagnosis
Interstitial lung markings on CXR DDx
Increased interstitial markings seen on chest x-ray may also be referred to as a fine reticular pattern
Pulmonary fibrosis DDx
Causes of pulmonary fibrosis can be divided into those that affect the upper lobes and those predominantly affecting the lower lobes
Aspiration Pneumonitis
Aspiration pneumonitis, or Mendelson syndrome, is chemically induce inflammation of the lungs as a result of aspiration of gastric contents
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
Open Lung Biopsy
Biopsy should be taken from a representative area, not one with a high likelihood of non-specific fibrosis (eg. dependent segments of RML)
Biopsy should not be performed too late in disease process
Risks versus utility of information gathered must be weighed carefully
Progressive Pneumonia
Nonresolving or Progressive Pneumonia: failure to normalize the clinical features (eg, fever, cough, sputum production), or nonresolving image in chest radiograph
Hilar adenopathy DDx
Hilar lymphadenopathy, seen on chest x-ray or chest CT, can be classified as unilateral or bilateral, and if bilateral as symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Aspiration Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia = aspiration of oropharyngeal contents which includes colonizing flora and leads to infection.
Oxygen-Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve
sigmoid shape of the oxy-Hb dissociation curve results from the allosteric interactions of the globin monomers that make up the haemoglobin tetramer as each one binds O2. Multiple factors can affect the affinity of Hb for oxygen, thus causing the curve to shift to the left (increased oxygen affinity) or to the right (decreased O2 affinity)