Echo basics: Key concepts
Echocardiography basics and the differences between 2D imaging, M-mode, pulsed wave Doppler, continuous wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging.
Echocardiography basics and the differences between 2D imaging, M-mode, pulsed wave Doppler, continuous wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging.
Barlow syndrome (primary billowing mitral leaflet syndrome (BMLS)). Auscultatory findings of late systolic murmur with non-ejection ('mid-late') systolic click
John Brereton Barlow (1924-2008) was a South African cardiologist. Barlow described mitral valve prolapse (eponymously known as Barlow’s syndrome) in 1963
Echocardiography basics. Grading and quantifying mitral stenosis (MS) with planimetry, pulsed wave Doppler, PHT and Continuity Equation Method
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.
The mitral valve is a dominant structure in most standard echocardiographic views. Understanding its anatomy in each window is essential for accurate assessment.
McGinn and White first described the so-called S1Q3T3 pattern in five patients with acute cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary embolism.
Echocardiography and valve measurements. Comprehensive assessment requires measurements to be made from 2D images and the waveforms generated during Doppler investigations
Echocardiography and valve views. Overview of valve disease and parasternal, apical and subcostal valve views with the echo probe
Patient position coupled with probe placement and orientation for optimal apical and subcostal views
Patient position coupled with probe placement and orientation for optimal parasternal long-axis (PLAX) and parasternal short-axis (PSAX) views
Echocardiography. Tips and tricks on optimising your image, making measurements, recognising artefacts and controlling infection