Echo basics: Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.
Category Cardiology
Thomas Lewis
Pioneer of clinical cardiac electrophysiology, Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) advanced ECG use, defined effort syndrome, and discovered the Lewis Triple Response.
Echo basics: Mitral Valve
The mitral valve is a dominant structure in most standard echocardiographic views. Understanding its anatomy in each window is essential for accurate assessment.
Stokes-Adams syndrome
Stokes-Adams syndrome is an abrupt, transient loss of consciousness due to a sudden but pronounced decrease in the cardiac output
Robert Adams
Robert Adams (1791–1875), Dublin physician, first described Adams–Stokes syndrome and pioneered clinical-pathological correlation in heart disease
McGinn-White pattern
McGinn and White first described the so-called S1Q3T3 pattern in five patients with acute cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary embolism.
Alfred Lewis Galabin
Alfred Lewis Galabin (1843-1913) English obstetric physician. Using an apexcardiogram he was documented atrioventricular (AV) block in humans.
Echo basics: Measurements and Reports
Echocardiography and valve measurements. Comprehensive assessment requires measurements to be made from 2D images and the waveforms generated during Doppler investigations
Echo basics: Valve Views
Echocardiography and valve views. Overview of valve disease and parasternal, apical and subcostal valve views with the echo probe
Echo basics: Apical and Subcostal Views
Patient position coupled with probe placement and orientation for optimal apical and subcostal views
Echo basics: Parasternal Views
Patient position coupled with probe placement and orientation for optimal parasternal long-axis (PLAX) and parasternal short-axis (PSAX) views
Echo basics: Tips and Tricks
Echocardiography. Tips and tricks on optimising your image, making measurements, recognising artefacts and controlling infection