Staphylococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus Aureus: aerobic gram positive cocci; has developed beta-lactamase activity thus is not susceptible to penicillin (use flucloxacillin at doses of 2g 4-6 hrly)
Category Infectious Disease
Tetanus
Tetanus: potentially lethal condition characterised by muscular rigidity and spasms, caused by the tetanospasmin toxin produced by Clostridium tetani, that may lead to life-threatening respiratory failure and autonomic dysregulation in severe cases
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis: disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii; obligatory intracellular protozoan; cat gut multiplication -> oocysts excreted in faeces -> invasion of hosts and formation of tissue cysts (retinal and brain).
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important infectious cause of death worldwide and is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Urosepsis
Urosepsis is a severe infection, distinguishing it from other urinary tract infections including mild pyelonephritis and accounts for ~5% of severe sepsis; whereas UTIs account for ~40% of nosocomial infections
Varicella Zoster
Varicella Zoster VZV = an alpha herpes virus; 90% of adults have evidence of infection; spread via droplet excreted from the throat of patients with chicken pox OR via contact with vesicle fluid in chicken pox or shingles.
Vibrio infection
OVERVIEW organisms: Vibrio vulnificus and other species CLINICAL FEATURES tropical environments sea water borne cut to skin -> cellulitis -> necrotizing cellulitis profound multi-organ failure RISK FACTORS raw oyster consumption liver disease iron overload INVESTIGATIONS tissue culture blood cultures MANAGEMENT…
Waterborne Diseases
Waterborne Disease: major killer of the paediatric patient in the developed world
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global emerging Gram-negative MDRO that is most commonly associated with respiratory infections in humans
Spinal epidural abscess
Spinal epidural abscess is considered a neurosurgical emergency; morbidity and mortality is worse with delayed diagnosis, and the worse the neurological deficit at the time of surgery the worse the outcome
Nosocomial Pneumonia
Nosocomial or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as pneumonia that is not incubating at the time of admission to hospital and develops in a patient hospitalised for >48 hours.
Steroids and Septic Shock Literature Summaries
Bone R.C. et al (1987) “A controlled clinical trial of high dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock” NEJM, 317:653-658 PMID 3306374 RCT n = 382 with sepsis and organ dysfunction methylprednisolone (30mg/kg) vs placebo-> no…