
Echo basics: Mitral Stenosis
Echocardiography basics. Grading and quantifying mitral stenosis (MS) with planimetry, pulsed wave Doppler, PHT and Continuity Equation Method

Echocardiography basics. Grading and quantifying mitral stenosis (MS) with planimetry, pulsed wave Doppler, PHT and Continuity Equation Method

Burrill B. Crohn (1884–1983), pioneering gastroenterologist and namesake of Crohn’s disease. Discover his life, work, and medical legacy

John Henry Bryant (1867–1906) English physician. Eponym: Blue Scrotum Sign of Bryant associated with ruptured abdominal aortic anurysm (1903)

Neuro 101: anatomical structure of the spinal cord and vertebral column, spinal nerve organisation, blood supply, motor and sensory pathways, clinical examination principles

Neuro 101: A brief overview of the cranial nerves, their function, methods of testing and common pathology

EGPA (Churg–Strauss syndrome): rare ANCA-associated vasculitis with asthma, eosinophilia, and systemic granulomatous inflammation of small vessels

Lotte Strauss (1913–1985), pioneer in paediatric and perinatal pathology, co-described Churg–Strauss syndrome and helped found the Society for Pediatric Pathology

Jacob Churg (1910–2005), pioneering pathologist, co-described Churg–Strauss syndrome and transformed renal pathology through biopsy-based diagnostics

Bernhard Kayser (1869–1954) German ophthalmologist. First described the greenish-brown corneal ring now known as the Kayser–Fleischer ring in Wilson’s disease.

Robert Alvin Berman (1914-1999) was an American anesthesiologist and inventor including the Berman Airway, Quick Cuff and Respir-Aider

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.

René-Jacques Croissant de Garengeot (1688–1759), Parisian surgeon, described appendix in femoral hernia, wrote on lacrimal surgery, and devised the tooth key