Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia = 3 or more VEB at a rate of > 130 beats/min. If > 30 seconds = sustained; can be monophoric or polymorphic
Medical Specialty
Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation requires a initiating stimulus in a susceptible myocardium.
Vascular Gas Embolism
Vascular gas embolism (VGE) is the entrainment of air (or exogenously delivered gas) from a communication with the environment into the venous or arterial vasculature, producing systemic effects.
Severe Heart Failure Management
Severe Heart Failure Management
Right ventricular infarction
Right ventricular infarction. Suspect in all patients with inferior STEMI
Preload
Preload = initial myocardial fibre length prior to contraction; determined by anything that effects ventricular volume at the end of diastole
Pericarditis
Pericarditis = inflammation in the pericardium
Pulmonary Embolus versus Right Ventricular Infarction
Features that distinguish Pulmonary Embolus from Right Ventricular Infarction
Pericardial disease
Pericardial disease
Syncope
Syncope is transient, self-limited loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is followed by spontaneous recovery. Such an event without loss of consciousness is often termed “presyncope”. Underlying cause is often not found in the emergency department (~50%)
pCO2 gap
pCO2 gap is a surrogate for cardiac output; pCO2 gap = PcvCO2 - PaCO2; pCO2 gap >6 mmHg suggests a persistent shock state that may be amenable to fluid resuscitation +/- intrope support; a “ScvO2-cvaCO2gap-guided protocol” has been proposed to guide the management of septic shock
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Lung volume reduction surgery is performed on a high risk population with an associated mortality of 5-10%. The goal of the operation is to eliminate the most diseased areas of lung to reduce overall lung volume and improve respiratory mechanics