Georges Guillain

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Georges Charles Guillain (1876-1961) was a French neurologist.

Georges Charles Guillain was a preeminent French neurologist, best known for co-authoring the seminal 1916 description of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, later termed Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

His work spanned neurophysiology, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and wartime neurological trauma, and he made substantial contributions to the understanding of multiple sclerosis, choreiform syndromes, and brainstem pathways.

A prolific teacher and writer, Guillain held the Chair of Nervous System Diseases at the Salpêtrière from 1923 to 1947. He was instrumental in building an international reputation for French neurology and was honoured by multiple scientific academies and national orders. Guillain authored or co-authored several foundational neurological eponyms beyond the syndrome that most famously bears his name.


Biography
  • 1876 – Born 3 March in Rouen, France, to Louis Guillain (engineer) and Gabrielle Lemaignent.
  • 1895 – Moved to Paris to continue medical studies.
  • 1898 – Published first paper on brachial plexus injuries with Pierre Duval.
  • 1902 – Received Doctorat de Médecine (PhD), Paris; thesis on syringomyelia.
  • 1902 – Undertook pioneering research trip to major US neurology centres.
  • 1903–1910 – Held various clinical posts; worked under Pierre Marie at Salpêtrière.
  • 1906 – Appointed Médecin des Hôpitaux.
  • 1910 – Gained agrégation; became chef de clinique.
  • 1914–1918 – Served in WWI; headed Neurology Centre of the Sixth French Army.
  • 1916 – Co-authored original paper on radiculo-neuritis with Jean Alexandre Barré and André Strohl.
  • 1920 – Published Travaux neurologiques de guerre. Member of the Académie de Médecine (1920), President (1942)
  • 1923 – Appointed Professor of Neurology, Salpêtrière, succeeding Pierre Marie.
  • 1927 – Eponym “Guillain–Barré syndrome” first used at Brussels neurology congress.
  • 1947 – Retired; awarded Commander of the Legion of Honour.
  • 1951 – Member of the Académie des Sciences de Paris
  • 1961 – Died 29 June, Paris.
  • International honours: Commander of the Order of the Star of Romania; Commander of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite (Morocco); Knight of the Order of Dannebrog (Denmark); Knight of the Crown of Italy

Medical Eponyms
Guillain- Barré syndrome (1916)

An acute inflammatory paralytic neuropathy [*aka Landry palsy; Landry-Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome]


Guillain-Thaon syndrome (1913)

Spastic paraplegia as a result of meningomyelitis in tertiary syphilis. First described in 1905, and then formally presented as Thaon’s thesis in 1913


Guillain sign (1923)

A blow to the symphysis pubis results in contraction of the abdominal muscles and the adductors of the leg. [aka *Le réflexe médio-pubien]


Guillain-Betrand-Lereboullet syndrome (1934)

Unilateral arrhythmic myoclonus in the limbs, as a result of a lesion of the dentate nucleus. One of the many choreiform syndromes…


Garcin-Guillain syndrome (1927)

Unilateral dysfunction of the cranial nerves due to infiltration by a local malignancy such as lymphoepithelioma or sarcoma of the nasopharynx, without long tract signs or evidence of increased intracranial pressure. [aka Garcin syndrome; syndrome de Garcin; Guillain-Alajouanine-Garcin syndrome]

While briefly described by Guillain in 1926, the syndrome was more completely described by Garcin in his thesis the following year


Guillain-Mollaret triangle (1933)

Supposed brainstem pathway (triangle) connecting the olive, the contralateral dentate nucleus, and the homolateral red nucleus – the circuit being completed by the posterior longitudinal bundle running between the red nucleus and the olive. A lesion affecting the Guillan-Mollaret were determined to result in palatal myoclonus.


Controversies

The omission of André Strohl’s name from later references to Guillain–Barré syndrome remains a subject of historical debate. The initial 1916 description included Strohl’s electrophysiological contributions. The name “Guillain–Barré syndrome” became established after a 1927 congress presentation by Barré, without clear explanation for the omission.


Major Publications

References

Biography

Eponymous terms


eponymictionary CTA

eponym

the person behind the name

Physician in training. German translator and lover of medical history.

BA MA (Oxon) MBChB (Edin) FACEM FFSEM. Emergency physician, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. Passion for rugby; medical history; medical education; and asynchronous learning #FOAMed evangelist. Co-founder and CTO of Life in the Fast lane | Eponyms | Books |

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