Lactic Acidosis Evaluation
increased lactate production (including enhanced pyruvate production, reduced pyruvate conversion to CO2 & water or glucose, or preferential conversion of pyruvate to lactate)
Ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis is a high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to an excessive blood concentration of ketone bodies (keto-anions).
Delta Ratio
Delta Ratio = the increase in Anion Gap / the decrease in HCO3-. if one molecule of metabolic acid (HA) is added to the ECF and dissociates, the one H+ released will react with one molecule of HCO3- to produce CO2 and H2O (buffering).
Paralytics for Intubation of the Critically Ill
Paralytics for Intubation of the Critically Ill. should suxamethonium or rocuronium be used for rapid sequence intubation? is a neuromuscular blocker even necessary for intubation of the critically ill? (facilitated or sedation only intubation)
Base Excess vs Standard Base Excess
Base excess is dose of acid or alkali to return in vitro blood to normal pH (7.40) under standard conditions ( at 37C at a PCO2 of 40 mm Hg). Standard base excess is dose of acid or alkali to return the ECF to normal pH (7.40) under standard conditions ( at 37C at a PCO2 of 40 mm Hg)
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Management
The management of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is focused on the prevention of secondary injury
Nasal intubation
nasal intubation may be performed blind or with fiberoptic assistance. Indicated when oral intubation is not feasible
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR) CO = SV x HR changes based on exercise, age and body size. normal adult = 5L/min Stroke Volume (SV) determined by: Preload Afterload Contractility
Cardiac Lesions and Severe Clinical Signs
Cardiac Lesions and Severe Clinical Signs; valvular issues, cardiac anomalies and their murmurs
Cardiac Biomarkers
Biomarkers can potentially be used to detect and monitor a wide range of cardiac conditions in the critical care setting
Cardiac Arrest Literature Summaries
THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA AND TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT Nielsen N, et al. Targeted temperature management at 33°C versus 36°C after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 5;369(23):2197-206. [PMID 24237006] MCRCT without allocation concealment 36 ICUs in Europe and Australia n…
Beta Blockers to Prevent Perioperative MI
The use of Beta-blockers in perioperative medicine has been an issue of intense research in Anaesthesia. Patients that are believed to benefit from beta-blockers are those with risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (HT, DM, hypercholesterolaemia, previous MI, angina, controlled heart failure)