Sydney Ringer

Biography

• 1834 – Born in Norwich, England. His father died young, leaving his mother to bring up their three sons 
• 1854 – With the generous help of friends and relatives, he began his formal medical studies at University College, London
• 1860 – Obtained a Bachelor of Medicine degree from University College Hospital, London
• 1863 – Gained a higher degree of Doctor of Medicine and MRCP (Membership of the Royal College of Physicians)
• 1861 – 1900 – Physician and physiologist at University College Hospital, London
• 1869 – 1897 – Wrote  A Handbook of Therapeutics which ran through 14 editions and was translated into 10 languages
• 1870 – Elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP)
• 1882 – ‘Discovery’ of Ringer’s solution 
• 1889 – Elected to Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS)
• 1910- Died on October 14th from a cerebrovascular lesion, aged 76

Key Medical Attributions:

The ability of a small volume of Ringer solution to sustain an excised frog heart-nerve preparation enabled Otto Loewi and Sir Henry Hallett Dale to propose the chemical transmission of nerve impulses (1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine).

A mixture containing 100cc saline [0.75% NaCl], 5cc sodium bicarbonate [0.5%], 5cc calcium chloride [1 in 1082, i.e. approximately 0.1% Ca], with 1 cc potassium chloride [1%] makes an excellent artificial circulating fluid, for with this mixture the heart will continue beating perfectly.

[This solution equates to approximately (mm): total Na 133, KCl 1.34, NaHCO3 2.76 and CaCl2 1.25, a ‘recipe’ hardly bettered since.]

Medical Eponyms

• Ringers Solution (1882) solution of salts dissolved in water to create an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal.
• Ringers Lactate (1932) – Alexis Frank Hartmann modified Ringer’s solution by adding sodium lactate to it with the idea of combating acidosis in his young patients.

Interesting Fact

• He was a very quiet and reserved man in private life having little time for social activities. His lifestyle was ‘early to bed and early to rise’ and much of his scientific work was done in the mornings before commencement of his clinical duties. 

Major Publications

• Ringer S. Regarding the Action of Hydrate of Soda, Hydrate of Ammonia, and Hydrate of Potash on the Ventricle of the Frog’s Heart. J Physiol. 1882 Jan; 3(3-4): 195–202.6. [PMC1484928]
• Ringer S. Concerning the Influence exerted by each of the Constituents of the Blood on the Contraction of the Ventricle. J Physiol. 1882 Aug; 3(5-6): 380–393. [PMC1485104]
• Ringer S. A further Contribution regarding the influence of the different Constituents of the Blood on the Contraction of the Heart. J Physiol. 1883 Jan; 4(1): 29–42.3. [PMC1484842]
• Ringer S. A third contribution regarding the Influence of the Inorganic Constituents of the Blood on the Ventricular Contraction. J Physiol. 1882 Jan; 3(3-4): 195–202.6. [PMC1484946]
• Ringer S. A handbook of therapeutics. London, Lewis 1888.
  
• Ringer S. On the temperature of the body as a means of diagnosis in phthisis (tuberculosis). London : Walton and Maberly 1865.
  
• Ringer S. On the antagonism between pilocarpine and extract of amanita muscaria. London. 1879.
  

References

• Bateman BT, Alston TA. Commonly used eponyms in anesthesia. J Clin Anesth. 2009 Feb;21(1):67-71 [PMID 19232946]
• Maltby R. Notable Names in Anaesthesia. The Choir Press; pp 176-180 (2013)
• Giuca MS, Desai SP. Eponyms in the operating room: careers of six European physicians. Bull Anesth Hist. 2010 Jul;28(2):17, 20-5. [PMID 22849202]
• DeWolf WC.Sydney Ringer (1835-1910). Invest Urol. 1977 May;14(6):500-1. [PMID 323186]
• Moore B. In Memory of Sidney Ringer [1835-1910]. Biochem J. 1911; 5(6-7): i.b3–xix. [PMC1276368]
• Lee JA. Sydney Ringer (1834-1910) and Alexis Hartmann (1898-1964). Anaesthesia. 1981 Dec;36(12):1115-21. [PMID 7034584]
• Miller DJ. Sydney Ringer; physiological saline, calcium and the contraction of the heart. J Physiol. 2004 Mar 16; 555(Pt 3): 585–587. [PMC1664856]