
Arthur Läwen
Arthur Georg Läwen (1876–1958), German surgeon. Anaesthesia pioneer sacral/extradural anaesthesia, paravertebral block, novocaine, curare and artificial ventilation.

Arthur Georg Läwen (1876–1958), German surgeon. Anaesthesia pioneer sacral/extradural anaesthesia, paravertebral block, novocaine, curare and artificial ventilation.

Charles Ely Flowers Jr (1920-1999). American obstetrician-gynaecologist linked to continuous peridural anaesthesia and the Tuohy–Flowers epidural needle

Angelo Luigi Soresi (1877–1951), Italian-born American surgeon who described peridural (epidural) anaesthesia and an early “hanging drop” endpoint for locating the epidural space (1932).

Achille Mario Dogliotti (1897-1966), Italian surgeon. Pioneer of epidural anaesthesia (Dogliotti’s principle), pain therapy, cardiac surgery, and total extracorporeal blood circulation

Robert Andrew Hingson (1913-1996), American anesthesiologist, pioneer of continuous epidural analgesia; Hingson Peace Gun; humanitarian mass vaccination programs.

Tuohy needle: directional neuraxial needle enabling continuous spinal and epidural catheter techniques, based on the original Huber-point design.

Edward Boyce Tuohy (1908 – 1959) American anaesthesiologist. Best known for contribution to continuous epidural anaesthesia; Tuohy needle

Pío Manuel Martínez Curbelo (1906–1962), Cuban anaesthesiologist who pioneered the first lumbar epidural catheter and published continuous epidural anaesthesia (1947–49).

Alberto Gutiérrez (1892–1945), Argentine surgeon who described the epidural “hanging drop” sign (1933) and founded Argentina’s anaesthesia journal.

Epidural Complications: Catheter related; or drug related