André Cournand
André Frédéric Cournand (1895-1988) was a French physician and physiologist.
Awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards for their “discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system.”
Dr. Forßmann’s successful self catheterisation of the heart in 1928 lead to a peaking interest in the medical community. In 1931 Cournand began to collaborate with Dr. Dickinson W. Richards on refinement of Dr. Forßmann’s infamous cardiac catheterisation, and published a paper “Catherisation of the right auricle man,” detailing the technique for safe catherisation of the heart and enabling first significant measurements of cardiopulmonary function by direct Fick’s method. Cournand and Richards published a series of studies that established use of cardiac catheterisation.
Biography
- Born on September 24, 1895 in Paris, France
- 1913 – Bachelor’s degree, Faculté des Lettres of the Sorbonne
- 1914 – Diploma Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Faculté des Sciences
- 1915-1918 Interrupted studies to enter French army as a Private and ultimately a battalion surgeon. Awarded Croix de Guerre with three bronze stars
- 1925 – Interne des Hôpitaux de Paris
- 1930 – MD Faculté de Médecine de Paris. Thesis ‘Acute Disseminated Sclerosis’ under Prof Guillain.
- 1930 – Emigrated to the USA, American citizen (1941)
- 1931 – Research on the physiology and physiopathology of respiration – Chest Service of Bellevue Hospital
- 1951 – Professor at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
- 1956 – Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Editorial Boards of many medical and physiological publications: Circulation, Physiological Reviews, The American Journal of Physiology, and also Journal de Physiologie and Revue Française d’Etúdes Cliniques et Biologiques.
- 1981 – Founding member of the World Cultural Council (Council to promote cultural values, goodwill and philanthropy among individuals)
- Died on February 19, 1988 in Great Barrington, MA, USA
Major Publications
- Cournand A, Ranges H. Catheterization of the Right Auricle in Man. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1941; 46(3):462-466.
- Cournand A, Riley R, Breed E, Baldwin E, Richards DW, Lester M, Jones M. Measurement of Cardiac Output in Man Using The Technique of Catheterization of The Right Auricle or Ventricle. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1945; 24(1), pp.106-116.
- Richards DW, Cournand A. Relation Between Electrical and Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle in Normal and Abnormal Clinical States. Assoc Am Physicians. 1947; 60(1 vol):65-73.
- Cournand AF. Control of the pulmonary circulation in man with some remarks on methodology. 1956. NobelPrize.org
- Darling R, Cournand A, Mansfield J, Richards DW. Studies on the Intrapulmonary mixture of gases. I. Nitrogen elimination from blood and body tissues during high oxygen breathing. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1940; pp.591-597.
- Cournand A, Darling R, Mansfield J, Richards DW. Studies on The Intrapulmonary Mixture of Gases II. Analysis of the Rebreathing Method (Closed Circuit) for Measuring Residual Air. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1940; 19(4), pp.599-608.
- Darling R, Cournand A, Richards DW. Studies On The Intrapulmonary Mixture of Gases. III. An Open Circuit Method for Measuring Residual Air. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1940; 19(4), pp.609-618.
- Cournand A, Baldwin E, Darling R, Richards DW. Studies on Intrapulmonary Mixture of Gases. IV. The Significance of the Pulmonary Emptying Rate and a Simplified Open Circuit Measurement of Residual Air. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1941; 20(6), pp.681-689.
- Darling R, Cournand A, Richards D, Domanski B. Studies on Intrapulmonary Mixture of Gases. V. Forms of Inadequate Ventilation in Normal and Emphysematous Lungs, Analysed by Means of Breathing Pure Oxygen. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1994; 23(1), pp.55-67.
- Cournand A, Riley R, Breed E, Baldwin E, Richards DW, Lester M, Jones M. Measurement of Cardiac Output in Man Using The Technique of Catheterization of The Right Auricle or Ventricle. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1945; 24(1), pp.106-116.
- Bloomfield R, Lauson H, Cournand A, Breed E, Richards DW. Recording of Right Heart Pressures in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Various Types of Cardio-Circulatory Disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1946; 25(4), pp.639-664.
- Richards DW, Cournand A. Relation Between Electrical and Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle in Normal and Abnormal Clinical States. Assoc Am Physicians. 1947; 60(1 vol):65-73.
References
Biography
- Biography: André F. Cournand. 1956. NobelPrize.org
- Weibel RE. Andre Frederic Cournand: A Biographical Memoir. National Academy of Science. 1995
- Portrait: André F. Cournand Columbia Living Legacies 2002.
- Bibliography. Cournand, André 1895-1988. WorldCat Identities
Eponymous terms
- Riley RL. The award of the Trudeau Medal for 1971 (Andre F. Cournand). Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971 Oct;104(4):615-7.
- Nickson C. History of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter. LITFL
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