Oesophageal Doppler
Oesophageal Doppler Cardiac Output Monitor; non-invasive cardiac output monitor
Category Investigations
Peritoneal Fluid Analysis
The peritoneum is a tough semi-permeable membrane lining abdominal and visceral cavities. it encloses, supports and lubricates organs within the cavity. Paracentesis is effectively the analysis of 'Ascites' - the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the abdomen.
Liver Function Tests
Liver Function Test Analysis including Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Hypochloraemia
Hypochloraemia (<95) (Usually associated with sodium losses)
AXR Interpretation
Indications for plain AXR differ depending on the availability of CT or USS, which give considerably more information. Abdominal X-rays are only useful for certain defined pathology such as abnormal ‘gases, masses, bones and stones’.
SIADH DDx
SIADH = Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Important cause of HYPOnatraemia
Hyperkalaemia DDx
Overview Causes Increased potassium intake (rare) Increased release from tissues Decreased renal excretion Transcellular shift Factitious (Pseudo-hyperkalaemia) Drugs causing hyperkalaemia References and Links LITFL
Hypocalcaemia DDx
Causes of HYPOcalcaemia: Commonest causes: HYPOalbuminaemia and HYPERventilation
Urate (Uric Acid)
Uric acid is the major end metabolite of purine. Purine found in nucleic acid and exogenous sources; Commonly used as marker for gout and pre-eclampsia; Levels do not usually indicate severity of disease
Urinalysis Overview
References and Links Unusual urine – Clinical Cases Urine Color Urine Transparency (turbidity) Dipstick urinalysis CCC – Urinalysis CCC – Urine electrolytes – Urinary anion gap Urinalysis Overview Table Laboratory Urinalysis
Urine Odour
Consumption of certain foods and medications may be causes for changes in the odour of urine as well as pathological conditions
Dipstick urinalysis
Urinalysis (UA) is used as a screening and/or diagnostic tool to detect substances or cellular material in the urine associated with metabolic disorders, renal dysfunction or urinary tract infections (UTI)