| 1 | 2 |
|---|---|
| Odour | Potential causes |
| Sweet or fruity | Ketoacidosis (Diabetic, alcoholic, starvation) Maple syrup urine disease (infants, rare) |
| Ammonia | Bladder retention Urine at room temperature for prolonged period (“alkaline fermentaion”) Bacterial infection |
| Faecal | Bladder-Intestinal fistula E. coli infection Contamination with feces |
| Musty | Phenylketonuria |
| Sulfur | Cysteine decomposition Suppurative diseases of the GU tract |
| Aromatic | Volatile organic acids most marked in “concentrated” urine specimens |
| Swimming pool | Hawkinsinuria |
| Mousy Cabbage | Tyrosinemia |
| Drugs Diet | Characteristic of drugs such as antibiotics (e.g. penicillins); food (e.g. asparagus) |
References and Links
- Urine Color
- Urine Transparency (turbidity)
- Dipstick urinalysis
- CCC – Urinalysis
- Laboratory Urinalysis
- Urinalysis Overview Table
- Urine electrolytes – Urinary anion gap
Critical Care
Compendium
Emergency physician MA (Oxon) MBChB (Edin) FACEM FFSEM with a passion for rugby; medical history; medical education; and informatics. Asynchronous learning #FOAMed evangelist. Co-founder and CTO of Life in the Fast lane
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