
Warfarin
Warfarin: anticoagulant; prevents the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors; II, VII, IX & X in liver; prevents the reduction of vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide -> vitamin K
The LITFL Critical Care Compendium is a comprehensive collection of pages concisely covering the core topics and controversies of critical care.

Warfarin: anticoagulant; prevents the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors; II, VII, IX & X in liver; prevents the reduction of vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide -> vitamin K

Intracardiac Masses Echocardiography

Left ventricular Function and Haemodynamic Assessment Echocardiography

TOE superior to TTE (90% vs 50% sensitive); echocardiographic findings are part of the major and minor criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis


Echocardiography = a group of interrelated ultrasound applications used to examine the heart and great vessels.

Echocardiography in Intensive Care allows direct visualisation of the heart, vessels and pleura

Cardiomyopathy Echocardiography

Aortic Stenosis Echocardiography

TOE is better than but TTE, but TTE can be performed first; TTE cannot exclude aortic dissection; TOE is comparable to CT and MRI for diagnostic accuracy

Metabolic Alkalosis DDx

The relationship of urea and creatine is dependent on serum laboratory units used to determine the cause of acute kidney injury.