FFS: Amaurosis fugax
Amaurosis fugax is sudden, painless, transient monocular vision loss from retinal ischaemia—an emergency signalling high stroke risk, requiring urgent carotid evaluation and stroke unit admission
LITFL
Transient Ischaemic Attack
TIA is a brief neurological event with high stroke risk. Urgent imaging, specialist review, and early treatment are critical to prevent ischaemic stroke
FFS: Guillain‑Barré syndrome
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyneuropathy presenting with symmetric ascending weakness, reflex loss, and autonomic symptoms—emergency exclusion of spinal lesions
FFS: Transverse myelitis
Transverse myelitis is a rare neuro-inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord causing motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. Urgent MRI is essential.
FFS: Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful cranial nerve disorder causing brief, intense facial pain. Diagnosis is clinical, with MRI to exclude secondary causes
Wernicke encephalopathy
Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute, reversible encephalopathy caused by thiamine deficiency, classically presenting with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion.
FFS: Vestibular Neuronitis
Vestibular neuronitis causes acute peripheral vertigo. Corticosteroids improve recovery. Differentiation from central causes is key in ED.
FFS: BPPV
Vestibular migraine presents as episodic vertigo with or without headache. Diagnosis is clinical and often made by a neurologist after excluding other causes
FFS: Vestibular migraine
Vestibular migraine presents as episodic vertigo with or without headache. Diagnosis is clinical and often made by a neurologist after excluding other causes
FFS: Horner Syndrome
Horner syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by disruption to sympathetic innervation to the eye, presenting with ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
Haemorrhage Volume Estimation
ABC/2 is a rapid, validated bedside formula to estimate ICH volume using CT dimensions; useful for prognostication and trial enrolment
Intracerebral Haemorrhage Score
The Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) Score is a prognostic scoring system for predicting mortality among patients with spontaneous ICH.