Echo basics: Tricuspid Valve
Understand and identify the tricuspid valves. Learn how to identify and grade tricuspid regurgitation and quantify tricuspid stenosis. Basic management of tricuspid valve dysfunction.
Cardiology
Echo basics: Aortic Regurgitation
Understand and identify aortic regurgitation. Learn how to identify and grade aortic regurgitation gradient using measurements and visual clues and quantify aortic regurgitation.
Echo basics: Aortic Stenosis
Understand and identify aortic stenosis. Learn how to measure an accurate aortic valve gradient and calculate the aortic valve area. Be able to diagnose low-flow states and paradoxical low flow
Owen C. Ward
Owen Conor Ward (1923–2021), Irish paediatric cardiologist, co-described Romano-Ward syndrome; pioneer of children’s cardiac care and medical historian
Cesarino Romano
Cesarino Romano (1924–2008), Italian paediatrician, co-described Romano-Ward syndrome; led advances in cystic fibrosis, metabolic screening, and emergency care.
Fred Lange-Nielsen
Norwegian internist Fred Lange-Nielsen (1919–1989), co-discoverer of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, was a lung specialist, allergy pioneer, jazz musician, and human rights advocate.
Anton Jervell
Anton Jervell (1901–1987), Norwegian cardiologist and medical educator; co-described Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, pioneer of ECG research and cardiac electrophysiology in Norway.
Echo basics: Aortic Valve
Echo basics: Aortic Valve. A normal aortic valve is trileaflet, with equally sized cusps that are supported by a fibrous annulus and separated by three commissures.
Echo basics: Mitral Stenosis
Echocardiography basics. Grading and quantifying mitral stenosis (MS) with planimetry, pulsed wave Doppler, PHT and Continuity Equation Method
Echo basics: Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.
Thomas Lewis
Pioneer of clinical cardiac electrophysiology, Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) advanced ECG use, defined effort syndrome, and discovered the Lewis Triple Response.
Lenègre-Lev disease
Acquired fibrous degeneration of the left and right bundle branches, eventually manifesting as permanent complete atrioventricular (AV) dissociation with cardiac pauses and Adams-Stokes attacks