Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis is an under-recognised progressive neurological disorder caused by antibodies against NR1-NR2 NMDA receptors; 60% of patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis have the presence of a tumour (most commonly teratoma)
Aseptic Meningitis = meningeal inflammation with negative bacterial cultures.
Basilar Artery Occlusion: the clinical effects will be dependent on: adequacy of collaterals, integrity of the Circle of Willis and the onset of the occlusion; occlusion at the bifurcation will involve the posterior cerebral artery +/- the superior cerebellar artery
GBS vs Myasthenia Gravis vs MND
Brain herniation is the displacement of part of the brain through an opening or across a separating structure into a region that it does not normally occupy.
Bulbar Dysfunction in ICU
TYPES Cytotoxic edema Vasogenic edema CT FEATURES OF RAISED ICP References and Links
A simplified approach to spontaneous eye movements in coma
Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator used as a thrombolytic medication in: Acute Ischaemic Strokes, Acute Myocardial Infarction and PE
Oculocephalic and oculovestibular reflexes are primarily used to determine whether a patient's brainstem is intact (e.g. coma or brain death assessment)
Hearing Loss in ICU is an under-appreciated problem: Conductive (external ear; middle and inner ear; Sensorineural)
HSV Encephalitis: severe viral infection of the central nervous system, caused by a herpes simplex virus and usually localised to the temporal and frontal lobe; most commonly identified cause of infectious encephalitis; 5-10% of encephalitis cases worldwide