Theophylline toxicity
Theophylline and caffeine are the most commonly encountered methylxanthines. Theophylline = water soluble aminophylline derivative; cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Diabetes Insipidus DDx
Cause Central (Failed ADH secretion) Nephrogenic (No response to ADH) (Failed concentrating ability) Drugs References and Links
High airway pressure DDx
High airway pressures in the intubated patient can signify the presence of a life-threatening emergency. The underlying cause is either with the 'man or the machine' (patient versus equipment). A structured approach to this problem is essential.
Massive haemoptysis DDx
Haemoptysis is the symptom of coughing up blood. Massive haemoptysis has no generally accepted definition. Suggested volumes range from 100 mL to more than 1000 mL. A more relevant definition of massive haemoptysis is the volume that is life threatening by virtue of airway obstruction or blood loss (anatomical dead space is only 100-200 mL)
Honeycomb lung DDx
Honeycomb lung differential diagnosis
Interstitial lung markings on CXR DDx
Increased interstitial markings seen on chest x-ray may also be referred to as a fine reticular pattern
Pulmonary fibrosis DDx
Causes of pulmonary fibrosis can be divided into those that affect the upper lobes and those predominantly affecting the lower lobes
Toxic agents and abnormal vital signs
Abnormal vital signs in patient's following toxic exposures can suggest underlying toxidromes. Differential diagnosis of abnormal signs
Toxicological causes of cardiac arrest
The differential diagnosis of toxicological causes of cardiac arrest are many and varied. It is useful to consider the causes in terms of mechanism.
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
OVERVIEW CLINICAL FEATURES INVESTIGATIONS MANAGEMENT -> ethanol dose (IV): 10% solution in D5W as a 40% solution, loading dose 7.5mL/kg -> 1-2mL/kg/hr-> ethanol dose (PO): quarter the above dose-> dose in CRRT: double IV dose-> maintain ethanol level @ 25-40mmol/L…
Randomised control trials
The Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) is the 'gold standard' in evidence-based medicine, representing the highest levels of evidence
Aspiration Pneumonitis
Aspiration pneumonitis, or Mendelson syndrome, is chemically induce inflammation of the lungs as a result of aspiration of gastric contents