Adolf Rinne
Heinrich Adolf Rinne (1819-1868) was a German otologist best remembered for the eponymous Rinne test — a fundamental clinical tool in the assessment of hearing loss.
Category LITFL
Eighth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) lesions: causes, clinical features, hearing tests, investigations and management — including assessment of both cochlear and vestibular function
Macroscopic haematuria (non-trauma)
Macroscopic haematuria (visible/gross haematuria) refers to blood clearly visible in urine, unlike microscopic haematuria which is detected only via dipstick.
Seventh Cranial Nerve Lesions
Seventh cranial nerve (CN VII) lesions: causes, clinical signs, investigations, and management — with focus on Bell’s palsy and central vs peripheral patterns.
Sixth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of sixth cranial nerve (CN VI) lesions — causes, clinical features, investigations, and management for Emergency Medicine and Neurology.
Fifth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Fifth cranial nerve (CN V) lesions: causes, anatomy, clinical signs, investigations, and management for Emergency Medicine and Neurology
Fourth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of fourth cranial nerve (CN IV) lesions, causes, clinical signs, investigations, and management in Emergency Medicine
Third Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of third cranial nerve (CN III) lesions, key causes (including aneurysm), clinical signs, investigations, and emergency management.
Second Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of optic nerve (CN II) lesions, visual field defects, and key investigations for diagnosing optic pathway pathology
First Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of olfactory nerve (CN I) lesions, clinical assessment of anosmia, differential diagnoses, and investigation strategies.
Myotomes
Quick reference guide to key muscle myotomes, muscle power grading, and reflex assessment in clinical neurological examination.
Priapism
Priapism is a persistent, painful erection not related to sexual stimulation, lasting at least 2–4 hours. It is classified into Non-ischemic (high flow, arterial): and Ischemic (low flow, veno-occlusive)