Category Medical Specialty
Echocardiography LITFL ECHO

Echo basics: Mitral Regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.

Neurology 101 680

Neuro 101: Brainstem

Neuro 101: The brainstem is organised into three regions: the medulla, pons, and midbrain. A review of pathology and syndromes

Sir Thomas Lewis (1881-1945) 680

Thomas Lewis

Pioneer of clinical cardiac electrophysiology, Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) advanced ECG use, defined effort syndrome, and discovered the Lewis Triple Response.

Robert James Graves (1796-1853) 680

Robert Graves

Robert James Graves (1796–1853): Irish physician, pioneer of bedside teaching, described Graves’ disease, reformed fever care, and influenced modern clinical medicine.

Echocardiography LITFL ECHO

Echo basics: Mitral Valve

The mitral valve is a dominant structure in most standard echocardiographic views. Understanding its anatomy in each window is essential for accurate assessment.