History of fluorescein
Fluorescein: history, chemistry and modern eye uses—corneal staining, Seidel leak test, Jones drainage test and retinal angiography.
Category Medical Specialty
Lorenz Böhler
Lorenz Böhler (1885-1973) Austrian trauma surgeon, founder of organised accident care, Böhler angle, and controversial Nazi-era figure.
John J. Gartland
John Joseph Gartland (1918-2016), American orthopaedic surgeon. Gartland classification and Gartland–Werley score for fracture outcomes.
Gissane angle
Gissane angle. Measurement on lateral calcaneal radiographs, normal values, clinical use, limitations and historical development.
Goodbye “Massive” and “Submassive”
The first-ever AHA/ACC clinical practice guideline on acute pulmonary embolism drops a new A-to-E severity classification. Here’s what emergency physicians need to know...
George Pitkin
George Philo Pitkin (1885-1943), American surgeon. Inventor of Spinocain, Pitkin spinal needle, syringe and tiltometer for controllable spinal anaesthesia.
CT Case 104
A 45 year old female presents with shoulder pain following a seizure. Describe and interpret the CT scan of her left shoulder
John Snow
John Snow (1813-1858), English physician. Pioneer of anaesthesia and epidemiology. Defined etherization stages and traced cholera outbreaks to contaminated water in London.
Emery A. Rovenstine
Emery A. Rovenstine (1895–1960), American anaesthesiologist linked to directional spinal needle, nerve block and geriatric anaesthesia.
Charles Pravaz
Charles Gabriel Pravaz (1791–1853). French orthopaedic surgeon developed the Pravaz syringe, an early controlled injection device for aneurysm treatment.
Josef Thurner
Josef Thurner (1927-2025), Austrian pathologist; May–Thurner syndrome; led pathology in Salzburg; published widely on venous disease.
Gaston Labat
Gaston Labat (1876–1934). Regional anaesthesia pioneer, author of Regional Anesthesia, founder of ASRA, and namesake of the Labat sciatic block, Labat spinal needle and Labat outfit