Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is a common presentation to the Emergency Department. The most important consideration is renal tract imaging to rule out an obstructive cause, which can rapidly lead to severe sepsis.
Category Medical Specialty
Renal colic
Renal colic (or nephrolithiasis) is an extremely common presenting problem to the Emergency Department. The immediate priority will be pain relief.
Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction
Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) describes obstruction of urine flow from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. It can be congenital or acquired and may be asymptomatic. Severe cases can lead to infection and renal function loss.
Alexander Wallace
Alexander Burns Wallace (1906–1974) was a Scottish plastic surgeon. Published the Wallace Rules of nine for burn size estimation in 1951
Macroscopic haematuria (non-trauma)
Macroscopic haematuria (visible/gross haematuria) refers to blood clearly visible in urine, unlike microscopic haematuria which is detected only via dipstick.
Priapism
Priapism is a persistent, painful erection not related to sexual stimulation, lasting at least 2–4 hours. It is classified into Non-ischemic (high flow, arterial): and Ischemic (low flow, veno-occlusive)
Epididymo-orchitis
Epididymo-orchitis is inflammation of the epididymis and/or testis, usually due to infection. Most commonly from a urinary tract infection but may also be as a result of a sexually transmitted infection.
Procedure: Male catheter
Emergency procedure, instructions and discussion: Male indwelling catheter (IDC) insertion. Indications, and procedural instructions
Acute Urinary Retention
Acute Urinary Retention. The most common ED presentation is urinary retention due to prostatomegaly in males.
Central catheter-related venous thrombosis
Central catheter-related venous thrombosis is a common cause of upper limb DVT, particularly in patients with underlying malignancy.
Cervical artery dissection
Cervical artery dissections (CADs) involve the carotid or vertebral arteries and are a significant cause of stroke in young people. Internal carotid artery dissections are most common
CT Case 100
A 54-year-old lady with end stage renal failure (ERSF) presents to the the emergency department with abdominal pain.